Does Breastfeeding Make Your Baby Smarter?

It’s an idea that’s drilled into the heads expectant mothers: Breastfeeding is best. Pregnant women are repeatedly encouraged by their ob/gyns, promotional posters, and hospital staff to exclusively breastfeed their babies due to the many health benefits associated with the practice.

Among other things, breastfed babies do better in school, women are told. A new scientific analysis published in the journal Pediatrics, however, is leading people to question the link between breastfeeding and intelligence—and it’s getting a lot of attention.

For the study, researchers reviewed data from about 8,000 families in Ireland over five years, looking specifically at breastfeeding habits and intelligence metrics down the road. The children in the study who had breastfed either partially or exclusively typically performed better on vocabulary and problem-solving tests, compared to kids who had never been breastfed. Parents were also asked to evaluate their children’s behavior, and those who had been breastfed typically were better behaved.